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研究 的 Online Platform Economy in 2018

Drivers, Workers, Sellers, and Lessors

Technological innovation is transforming economic exchange. 就在十年前, 在线平台经济由少数几个将独立卖家与实体商品买家联系起来的市场组成. 今天, 许多消费者使用软件平台从独立供应商那里购买几乎任何种类的商品或服务,作为日常生活的一部分. Have these innovations created viable new options for making a living?

对于这项研究, 我们扩展了澳博官方网站app研究所在线平台经济数据集,以跟踪供给侧参与和收益. We identify 38 million payments directed through 128 different online platforms to 2.3 million distinct 追逐 checking accounts, out of a de-identified sample of 39 million, between October 2012 and March 2018. Our description distinguishes four sectors of the Online Platform Economy:

1. 的 运输 部门,其中 司机 transport people or goods

2. 的 non-transport工作 部门,其中 工人 offer a growing variety of services including dog walking, 回家修理, 远程医疗, 还有很多其他的

3. 的 销售 部门,其中 independent 卖家 of goods find buyers through online marketplaces

4. 的 租赁 部门,其中 出租 find lessees to rent homes, parking spaces, and many other types of assets.

找到一个: 的 Online Platform Economy has continued to grow. Between 2013 and 2018, 交通运输平台在参与者数量和总交易量方面都占据主导地位.

的 fraction of our sample earning platform income increased from 0.3 percent in the first quarter of 2013 to 1.6 percent in the first quarter of 2018. 截至2018年3月.5%的家庭在前一年的某个时候参与了在线平台经济. Between 2013 and 2018, 交通运输平台在参与者数量和总交易量方面都占据主导地位. 到2018年3月, 交通运输平台的参与者和投资金额与其他三个行业的总和一样多.

发现二: 大多数在线平台经济的参与者在一年中只有几个月是活跃的.

 

那些在一年中的任何时候通过交通平台赚钱的人, 58 percent had earnings in just three or fewer months of that year. 在其他领域, engagement was even more sporadic, 只有不到20%的参与者在半年以上的时间里赚钱.

发现三: 在司机数量增加的同时,运输行业的平均收入却下降了53%.

Between 2013 and 2017, 运输行业的收入下降了53%,而租赁行业的收入增长了69%. 非运输工作和销售部门的收入不稳定,但没有显示出强劲的趋势.

发现四: 平台收入是家庭参与月份的主要收入来源,但在前一年的任何时候,平台收入仅占家庭收入的20%.

 

2018年1月, 平台收入占活跃参与者实际收入的54%. However, platforms are not replacing traditional sources of family income. Among those who have participated in the Online Platform Economy at any point in a year, 平均平台收入约占当年任何一个月观察到的总实得收入的20%.

发现五: 在线平台经济的参与率在全国范围内差异很大.

Among 23 states and 26 cities, Nevada and San Francisco had the highest participation rates, 大概是2.8 percent of families generating platform earnings in March 2018. 失业者和男性比就业者和女性更有可能参与交通平台. 的 young were more likely to participate in all sectors.

 

Data

结论

的 Online Platform Economy is growing. 随着它的成长, its sectors are diverging in important ways, raising the question as to whether they require tailored policy approaches. While freelance driving has been the engine of growth for the Online Platform Economy, it is not a full time job for most participants. 事实上, 在司机数量快速增长的同时,平均月收入也在稳步下降. 非运输工作平台继续创新独立供应商与其客户之间的合同类型. 在销售和租赁领域,平台的高收益集中在少数参与者手中. 更广泛地说, 我们没有发现证据表明在线平台经济正在取代大多数家庭的传统收入来源. 综上所述, 我们的研究结果表明,无论平台工作原则上是否代表“未来的工作”,“大多数参与者并没有把它用于引领未来的那种用途.

作者

法雷尔

Founding and Former President & 首席执行官